M. ATHO’URRAHMAN, - (2026) THE EPISTEMOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE INTERPRETATION METHODOLOGY OF QS. AL-‘ALAQ 1-5 IN TAFSIR MAFATIH AL-GHAYB AND TAFSIR AL-KASYYAF: A COMPARATIVE STUDY. Skripsi thesis, UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SULTAN SYARIF KASIM RIAU.

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Abstract

"ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the epistemological construction in the interpretation of QS. Al-‘Alaq verses 1–5 in two classical tafsir works, namely Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb by Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī and Al-Kasysyāf by al-Zamakhsharī. As the first revelation, Surah Al-‘Alaq has a fundamental position in shaping the paradigm of Islamic science, especially regarding revelation, reason, and epistemology. This study examines two main research problems, namely: (1) how is the interpretation of QS. Al-‘Alaq verses 1–5 in the Tafsir Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb and Tafsir al-Kasysyāf; and (2) how is the epistemological construction of the interpretation in the two tafsirs. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-comparative method. Primary data were obtained from the interpretation of Surah Al-‘Alaq in Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb and Al-Kasysyāf, while secondary data came from literature related to Islamic epistemology and classical tafsir methodology. The analysis focused on the sources of knowledge, interpretive methods, and argumentative structures used by both commentators. The results of the study indicate that al-Rāzī built an integrative epistemological framework by combining theological rationalism, philosophy, and kalam argumentation, while al-Zamakhsharī emphasized linguistic analysis, rhetoric (balāghah), and Mu‘tazilite rationalism. These differences reflect their respective theological orientations and methodological backgrounds, while also demonstrating the intellectual dynamics within the classical tafsir tradition. This study concludes that Surah Al-‘Alaq is not only understood as the first revelation, but also as the foundation of Islamic epistemology, interpreted differently according to the intellectual and ideological frameworks of each commentator. Key Words: Epistemology, QS. Al-‘Alaq, Mafatih al-Ghayb, Al-Kasysyaf, Construction of Interpretation."

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