Lukmanul Hakim (2022) Islamophobia and Turkey’s Accession to the European Union (EU): Dilemma and Challenge. Proceeding of 8th International Dirasat Islamiyah Conference on The Phenomenon of Islamophobia: Ideology and Strategy.

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Abstract

Since 1959, Turkey has sought to establish relations and membership with the European economic community. Turkish efforts also get a response from the European economic community. Turkey and the European economic community entered into negotiations and agreements with the signing of the Ankara agreement on September 12, 1963. Turkey applied to become a full member of the European economic community in 1987. Based on article 237 of the MEE agreement, that every European country to become a member of the MEE. But, for some considerations, Turkey's application must be postponed until the situation of both parties allows. Until finally in 1995, officially the Turkish-European Union cooperation was formed. Furthermore, in 1997 the possibility of Turkey getting full EU membership was reappointed by the European Council of Luxembourg. The accession process continued, the Helsinki European Council granted Turkey the status of a candidate country in 1999. The Copenhagen European Council in 2002 decided that Turkey could meet Copenhagen's political criteria. This study aims to find out how Islamophobia influences related to Turkey's accession to become a full member of the European Union. This study uses a qualitative method by looking for references related to Islamophobia in Europe, what factors are preventing Turkey from becoming a member of the European Union, and Turkish secularism in global geopolitics from various sources, both journals, books, newspapers, websites, and sources the other. This study uses the framework of Islamophobia in Europe and Turkish secularism in the aspect of Turkish accession applying for full membership of the European Union.

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